Radiant (infrared) floor heating
Radiant (infrared) floor heating has been used for centuries as an effective heating method. Technologies that were once based on wood stoves or forced air heating systems have evolved into new forms. This type of heating provides warmth from the floor upwards, allowing for a comfortable environment since feet, body, and objects gradually heat up.
When using infrared heating systems, boiler temperatures drop to the range of 29-60 °C, while in other heating systems, they fluctuate between 54-71 °C. This results in fuel savings of about 15-20%. However, one of the greatest advantages of radiant heating is its aesthetic appeal, as the system is invisible, and there are no heaters or radiators disrupting the interior design of the rooms.
Types of radiant floor heating
There are three main types of radiant floor heating:
- air (heat carrier - air)
- electric
- hydraulic (heat carrier - water)
All these types are also divided by installation method into "wet" and "dry" systems.
Efficiency of different systems
The air type of heating is relatively inefficient, as air is a poor conductor of heat. Therefore, its use is rare. In contrast, electric systems are economically advantageous if it is possible to "charge" the floor at night during lower tariff rates. This allows for heat accumulation, providing comfort for ten hours and significant financial savings.
Hydraulic systems, which are the most popular in Europe, operate on the principle of circulating hot water supplied by a pump through pipes under the floor.
Installation methods
The "wet" installation is the oldest method, where pipes are embedded in a concrete slab or laid in a sand-cement screed. However, it is important to ensure the system is airtight.
Among the "dry" methods, there is the installation of pipes in aluminum plates, which allows for more uniform floor heating. This method is gaining popularity due to its excellent heat transfer properties.
Floor coverings
The most common floor covering is ceramic tiles, but other options should also be considered. It is important to remember that all coverings that reduce or slow down heat transfer lead to increased fuel costs.