Servo Motors: Features and Types
Servo motors are advanced drives that ensure smooth operation, reduced vibrations, and acoustic noise. Thanks to inverters, a uniform motion is achieved, allowing for smooth transitions between operating modes.
Main Features of Servo Motors
- Compact device size
- Lightweight construction
- Low moment of inertia
- High starting torque
- Quick response to changes in speed
- High dynamic characteristics
- Ability for precise control of rotation frequency
Construction of Servo Motor
A servo motor consists of several main elements:
- Rotor
- Stator
- Switching devices (connector, terminal box)
- Encoder (feedback sensor)
- On/off system
Types of Servo Motors
Servo motors are divided into the following types:
- Brushed – operates on direct current.
- Brushless – can use either alternating or direct current.
The main types of alternating current (AC) servo motors include:
- Synchronous – the movement of the magnetic field and rotor occurs in the same direction. It is a three-phase electric motor that uses permanent magnets and direct current sensors. Advantages include low torque and dynamics.
- Asynchronous – the rotor moves in the opposite direction to the magnetic field. Control is achieved by changing the direction of current. Key advantages include low inertia, lightweight, and high speed.
Operating Principle and Control of Servo Motors
To fully understand the operation of a servo motor, it is necessary to consider its technical characteristics. The main condition is that the movements of the mechanisms must occur along three coordinate axes: X, Y, and Z. The energy pulses supplied to the motor differentiate indicators along the coordinate axis, affecting its performance.
The use of servo motors in CNC systems (computer numerical control) significantly enhances productivity while maintaining high quality of operation. However, sensors may show incorrect values, so it is important to regularly check their accuracy.
Servo motors are most effectively applied in CNC installations, which improve product quality and optimize operator work.
The price of servo motors directly depends on the power of the equipment, which reflects on their performance.